Substitution with accompanying alkyl shift
Description: 1,2-alkyl shifts can occur during substitution reactions if an unstable carbocation is formed adjacent to a quaternary carbon.
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in fourth example why secondary carbocation that is formed through ring expansion while tertiary carbocation can form by hydride shift from adjacent carbon
thank you so much
Great question. The hydride shift product could form as well. This is more of a textbook question, not an actual experiment. In practice you’d probably see both occur to some extent.