Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution (With Negatively Charged Nucleophiles) Yes, there are a lot of reactions of carboxylic acid derivatives to learn! In this article we’ll explore
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The Second-Most Important Mechanism In Carbonyl Chemistry – Carbonyl Elimination The reverse of nucleophilic addition to the C=O bond (giving a tetrahedral intermediate) is elimination
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Basic Hydrolysis of Esters (Saponification) When esters are treated with sodium hydroxide, they are converted into carboxylate salts, which upon neutralization yield carboxylic acids. This
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Transesterification of Esters Conversion of one ester into another ester via exchange of -OR groups is called transesterification Transesterification can be performed under basic or
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Proton Transfer All acid-base reactions are technically proton transfers, where a bond to H+ breaks, and a bond to H+ forms. However, the term “proton
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Carboxylic Acid to Ester Under Acidic Conditions (Fischer Esterification) The conversion of a carboxylic acid to an ester under acidic conditions is commonly known as
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Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH, LiAlH4) For the Reduction of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) is a strong reducing agent similar to, but stronger
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Reduction of Acid Halides To Aldehydes With LiAlH(OtBu)3 or Rosenmund’s Catalyst Acid halides can be reduced to aldehydes through use of the bulky reducing agent
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DIBAL (Di-isobutyl Aluminum Hydride) – A Bulky Reducing Agent For The Partial Reduction Of Esters and Nitriles DIBAL (also known as DIBAL-H or DIBAH) is
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Amide Hydrolysis – Conversion of Amides To Carboxylic Acids In this post we discuss examples and mechanism of acidic hydrolysis of amides, as well as
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