Enolates – Formation, Stability, and Simple Reactions
All about enolates Enolates can be formed through removing the proton on carbons adjacent to a carbonyl (i.e. the “alpha-carbon“). The resulting anions are much
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What To Expect In Organic Chemistry 2
Organic Chemistry 2 Is Largely About “Resonance” A large part of organic chemistry 1 is devoted to laying the foundations: introducing structural concepts such as
Read moreAre these molecules conjugated?
If Org 2 has an overall theme, it’s “resonance”. Today’s post has a very simple message. Atoms with lone pairs, π bonds, radicals, and carbocations can
Read moreConjugation And Resonance In Organic Chemistry
Conjugation In Organic Chemistry: Definition, Examples, Exploration, and Consequences This is the first in a series of posts that cover conjugation, pi systems, molecular orbital
Read moreActivating and Deactivating Groups In Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Activating and Deactivating Groups in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution The rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) reactions is greatly affected by the groups attached to the
Read more5 Key Basicity Trends of Amines
5 Key Amine Basicity Trends What are the most important factors that affect the basicity of amines? Here are 5 key trends. Basicity increases with
Read moreMolecular Orbitals of The Allyl Cation, Allyl Radical, and Allyl Anion
How To Draw The Molecular Orbitals of The Allyl Cation, Allyl Radical And Allyl Anion Drawing the molecular orbitals of a pi system like allyl
Read moreThe Mesomeric Effect And Aromatic Amines
A Puzzle In The Basicity Of Some Disubstituted Aromatic Amines We’ve seen that several key factors influence the basicity of amines – charge, resonance, inductive
Read moreThe 8 Types of Arrows In Organic Chemistry, Explained
To my knowledge there are 8 different types of arrows you meet in organic chemistry. Here’s a little guide to them. 1. The forward arrow,
Read moreAlcohols – Acidity and Basicity
Acid-Base Reactions Of Alcohols Alcohols are mild acids. Typical aliphatic (i.e. “alkyl”) alcohols such as ethanol, isopropanol, and t-butanol have a pKa of about 16-18, making
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