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Master Organic Chemistry Reaction Guide

Nitration of aromatic groups

Description: Aromatic groups can be nitrated by the action of nitric acid and an acid catalyst

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Real-Life Examples:

Org. Synth. 1923, 3, 71

DOI Link: 10.15227/orgsyn.003.0071

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Org. Synth. 1930, 10, 74

DOI Link: 10.15227/orgsyn.010.0074

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Org. Synth. 1934, 14, 68

DOI Link: 10.15227/orgsyn.014.0068

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Org. Synth. 1942, 22, 48

DOI Link: 10.15227/orgsyn.022.0048

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Org. Synth. 1949, 29, 72

DOI Link: 10.15227/orgsyn.029.0072

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Org. Synth. 1941, 21, 96

DOI Link: 10.15227/orgsyn.021.0096

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Org. Synth. 1947, 27, 62

DOI Link: 10.15227/orgsyn.027.0062

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Org. Synth. 1945, 25, 78

DOI Link: 10.15227/orgsyn.025.0078

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Org. Synth. 1955, 35, 3

DOI Link: 10.15227/orgsyn.035.0003

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Org. Synth. 1950, 30, 22

DOI Link: 10.15227/orgsyn.030.0022

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Comments

Comment section

6 thoughts on “Nitration of aromatic groups

  1. Hessung, the reason is because it is a Lewis acid base reaction between the sulfuric acid and the nitrate ion. This is a necessary step in preparing the two groups for the SeaR reaction to follow.

  2. In the mechanism , on step one, why the oxygen which has negative charge attack hydrogen first?

  3. why are there two lone pairs on the top oxygen in the middle figure between step one and two of the mechanism? wasn’t one of the pairs used to grab the additional hydrogen?

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