"Enantiomers, Diastereomers, or the Same?" This post on how to solve ""Enantiomers, Diastereomers, or the Same?" problems (among other things) is a little long, so here's a partial index. The distinctions between isomers & non-isomers, constitutional isomers & stereoisomers, and … [Read more...]
How To Do Well In Organic Chemistry: Advice From A Tutor
This is a guest post from Anna Tsimelzon, Ph.D., a university organic chemistry instructor and private organic chemistry tutor. You can learn more about Anna's tutoring services on her website, Tear Free Chemistry. My name is Anna Tsimelzon and I have been a private chemistry tutor for the past 5 … [Read more...]
Introduction to Peptide Synthesis
Today we'll go deeper on how to synthesize the most important amides of all - peptides - with an important contribution from protecting group chemistry. Peptide Bonds A "peptide bond" is an amide linkage (see Amides: Properties. Synthesis, and Nomenclature) that connects two amino acids, as in … [Read more...]
Site Undergoing A Major Marie Kondo – Pardon the mess
UPDATE, Feb 11. . Site is getting a total Marie Kondo, and not a moment too soon. Excited to show the results, hopefully soon. Note - mostly fixed, but major renovations are on the way. Thanks for your patience. JANUARY 25 - hey folks - thanks to all who brought this to my attention - many … [Read more...]
The Robinson Annulation
There's something about intramolecular reactions that often trips students up. Conceptually, understanding an intramolecular reaction is not much different than understanding what happens when you fasten a belt, making a loop in the process. However.... I've seen students go into an exam … [Read more...]
Reactions of Diazonium Salts: Sandmeyer and Related Reactions
Formation of Diazonium Salts From Aromatic Amines Today let's talk about a set of reactions of aromatic amines, that variously are catalogued under "amines" and "aromatic compounds", depending on the textbook. It involves converting an aromatic amine (NH2) into a tremendously good leaving group … [Read more...]
Aromatic Synthesis (3) – Sulfonyl Blocking Groups
I Just Want The ORTHO- Product, Thank You Question: Just how selective are ortho- para, directors for the ortho- and para- products, respectively? There are two ortho positions and one para. All else being equal, we'd expect a ratio of about 2:1 favoring the ortho. Is that what we get? … [Read more...]
Synthesis (7): Reaction Map of Benzene and Related Aromatic Compounds
Let's map out all of the reactions we've learned in this section on aromatic rings + substituents. Also included is a few reactions we actually haven't covered yet - such as diazonium salt formation and Sandmeyer reactions. These are often covered in the chapter on amines, but they're going in … [Read more...]
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