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What’s a Transition State?

Here’s a question that comes up a lot: What’s a transition state? A transition state is a very short-lived configuration of atoms at a local

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Hammond’s Postulate

Last week Diana left this comment: I recently had my first orgo exam and one of the concepts that I have trouble visceralizing is Hammond’s

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How (and why) electrons flow

So what is the key “driving force”  involved in chemistry? A chemist would say that “opposite charges attract, like charges repel.” But how can we

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Hydrates, Hemiacetals, and Acetals

Hydrates, Hemiacetals, and Acetals – Their Formation From Aldehydes/Ketones, And Mechanisms That Are As Easy As P-A-D-P-E-A-D Hydrates, hemiacetals and acetals are the products of

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