Rearrangement Reactions (1): Hydride Shifts
Rearrangement Reactions: Substitution Reactions With Hydride Shifts In this post we cover several examples of reactions where carbocations form… but then a funny thing happens.
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3 Factors That Stabilize Free Radicals
What Factors Affect Free-Radical Stability? In the last article we introduced free radicals – neutral, electron-deficient chemical species with a partially filled orbital – and
Read moreThe Three Classes of Nucleophiles
I know I’ve said this before, but a whole lot of organic chemistry can be boiled down to “nucleophile attacks electrophile“. A nucleophile is a
Read moreFive Key Factors That Influence Acidity
Five Key Factors That Affect Acidity Today we’ll talk about five key factors that determine acidity for different molecules and a mnemonic (ARIO, or CARDIO)
Read moreIntroduction to Resonance
Introduction To Resonance Structures and Resonance Hybrids In this article you will learn to identify resonance structures and resonance hybrids. In molecules containing multiple bonds
Read moreHow To Use Curved Arrows To Interconvert Resonance Structures
Curved Arrows And Resonance Structures Previously in this series on resonance, we saw that resonance forms represent two (or more) different ways to draw the
Read moreEvaluating Resonance Structures: The Fewer Charges, The Better
Evaluating Resonance Forms – The Rule Of Least Charges So far we’ve introduced resonance (See article – Introduction to Resonance) and introduced the curved arrow
Read moreHow To Find The Best Resonance Structure By Applying Electronegativity
Finding The Best (And Second-Best) Resonance Structures By Applying Electronegativity If any atom has to have less than a full octet, let it be on carbon.
Read moreResonance Structures Should Have Full Octets (If Possible!)
Resonance Structures With Positive Charge: Four Key Principles The most important resonance form is generally the one where the charges are minimized. However, sometimes you
Read moreResonance Structures: Negative Charges Are Best Placed On The Least Basic Atom
Evaluating Resonance Structures With Negative Charges: Some Key Principles So far in discussing resonance forms we’ve mentioned three important principles that govern which resonance form
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