Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution (With Negatively Charged Nucleophiles) Yes, there are a lot of reactions of carboxylic acid derivatives to learn! In this article we’ll explore
Read moreThe Second-Most Important Mechanism In Carbonyl Chemistry – Carbonyl Elimination The reverse of nucleophilic addition to the C=O bond (giving a tetrahedral intermediate) is elimination
Read moreBasic Hydrolysis of Esters (Saponification) When esters are treated with sodium hydroxide, they are converted into carboxylate salts, which upon neutralization yield carboxylic acids. This
Read moreTransesterification of Esters Conversion of one ester into another ester via exchange of -OR groups is called transesterification Transesterification can be performed under basic or
Read moreProton Transfer All acid-base reactions are technically proton transfers, where a bond to H+ breaks, and a bond to H+ forms. However, the term “proton
Read moreCarboxylic Acid to Ester Under Acidic Conditions (Fischer Esterification) The conversion of a carboxylic acid to an ester under acidic conditions is commonly known as
Read moreLithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH, LiAlH4) For the Reduction of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) is a strong reducing agent similar to, but stronger
Read moreReduction of Acid Halides To Aldehydes With LiAlH(OtBu)3 or Rosenmund’s Catalyst Acid halides can be reduced to aldehydes through use of the bulky reducing agent
Read moreDIBAL (Di-isobutyl Aluminum Hydride) – A Bulky Reducing Agent For The Partial Reduction Of Esters and Nitriles DIBAL (also known as DIBAL-H or DIBAH) is
Read moreAmide Hydrolysis – Conversion of Amides To Carboxylic Acids In this post we discuss examples and mechanism of acidic hydrolysis of amides, as well as
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