Introduction to Rearrangement Reactions
Introduction to Rearrangement Reactions Reactions that involve a carbocation intermediate may be accompanied by rearrangements where a pair of electrons from a C-H or C-C bond
Read moreIdentifying Where Substitution and Elimination Reactions Happen
Identifying Carbons Where Substitution and Elimination Reactions Can Take Place Substitution and elimination reactions need a leaving group in order for them to occur. Look
Read moreTypes of Isomers: Constitutional Isomers, Stereoisomers, Enantiomers, and Diastereomers
Types of Isomers: Constitutional Isomers, Stereoisomers, Enantiomers, And Diastereomers How do we tell if molecules are “related”? And once we know that they are, how
Read moreD and L Notation For Sugars
The D- And L- Notation For The Absolute Configuration Of Sugars And Amino Acids The terms D- and L- are often found in front of
Read moreTransesterification
Transesterification of Esters Conversion of one ester into another ester via exchange of -OR groups is called transesterification Transesterification can be performed under basic or
Read moreWhat Is The Alpha Carbon In Carbonyl Compounds?
Alpha Carbon? Beta Carbon? Alpha, Beta Unsaturated Carbonyl? Making it through the chemistry of carbonyl derivatives (ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, and more) there are
Read moreEnolates: Formation, Stability, and Simple Reactions
All about enolates Enolates can be formed through removing the proton on carbons adjacent to a carbonyl (i.e. the “alpha-carbon“). The resulting anions are much
Read moreKinetic Versus Thermodynamic Enolates
Kinetic versus Thermodynamic Enolates of Ketones Enolates have a lot in common with alkenes. They are flat and have a C-C pi bond. Zaitsev’s rule
Read moreAldol Addition and Condensation Reactions
Aldol Addition and Condensation Reactions (Base-Catalyzed) The Aldol Addition reaction is the addition of an enolate to an aldehyde (or ketone). Heating with base can result
Read moreReactions of Enols: Acid-Catalyzed Aldol, Halogenation, and Mannich Reactions
Reactions of Enols – Aldol Condensation, Halogenation, Mannich Reaction In a previous post on keto-enol tautomerism, we described the keto and enol forms. In this
Read more