Allylic Bromination
Allylic Bromination and Benzylic Bromination: What Is It, And How Does It Work? In previous articles on radicals, we’ve seen how bromine (Br2) can selectively
Read moreBonus Topic: Allylic Rearrangements
Allylic Rearrangements – Allylic Bromination With Rearrangement In allylic bromination reactions, the C-H bond of an allylic carbon breaks, and a new C-Br bond is
Read moreHydrohalogenation of Alkenes and Markovnikov’s Rule
Hydrohalogenation of Alkenes and Markovnikov’s Rule When hydrohalic acids (HCl, HBr, HI) are added to alkenes, addition reactions can occur, resulting in formation of a
Read morePartial Reduction of Alkynes With Na/NH3 To Obtain Trans Alkenes
Partial Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes (olefins) With Sodium in Ammonia (Na/NH3) Alkynes can be hydrogenated to alkanes with Pd/C and excess H2, or partially
Read moreAlkyne Hydroboration With R2BH
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkynes As seen in the previous chapter, hydroboration of alkenes with borane (BH3) followed by oxidation (NaOH, H2O2) gives alcohols with anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity
Read moreHow John Pulled Up His Organic Chemistry Exam Grades
The other week, loyal reader “John” (not his real name) wrote in to tell me how he had pulled up his exam grade in organic
Read moreHydration and Oxymercuration of Alkynes
Hydration and Oxymercuration of Alkynes Via Keto-Enol Tautomerism Alkyne chemistry bears many resemblances to alkene chemistry, but in these first few posts on the subject,
Read moreHydrohalogenation of Alkynes
Alkyne Hydrohalogenation – Addition of HX To Alkynes – HCl, HBr, and HI In the previous three posts on alkynes we’ve introduced some new reactions
Read moreAlkyne Halogenation: Bromination and Chlorination of Alkynes
Halogenation of Alkynes With Br2 and Cl2 Like alkenes, alkynes can undergo halogenation with Cl2, and Br2 When 1 equivalent of the halogen is used,
Read moreOxidation of Alkynes With O3 and KMnO4
Oxidation of Alkynes with Ozone and KMnO4 As we’ve seen previously, alkenes (olefins) can be oxidized to carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids) with ozone
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