Cyclic Dienes and Dienophiles in the Diels-Alder Reaction
Cyclic Dienes (e.g. Cyclopentadiene) and Cyclic Dienophiles In The Diels-Alder Reaction Last post in this series we introduced the Diels-Alder reaction. We saw that no
Read moreHybrid Orbitals and Hybridization
Today’s post is all about hybrid orbitals. Here’s a quick summary: [Note: This post was co-authored with Matthew Pierce of Organic Chemistry Solutions. Ask Matt about scheduling
Read moreSodium Borohydride (NaBH4) Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) For the Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is a convenient source of hydride ion (H-) for the reduction of
Read moreReactions of Sugars: Glycosylation and Protection
Finally, Some Reactions Of Sugars: Glycosylation And Protection In this post we introduce some simple reactions of sugars, especially glycosylation and protection: Formation of “glycosides”
Read moreThe Ruff Degradation and Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis
Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis and the Ruff Degradation The Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis is a method for extending a carbohydrate chain by a single carbon. The Ruff Degradation is
Read moreSynthesis (7): Reaction Map of Benzene and Related Aromatic Compounds
Reactions of Benzene and Aromatic Compounds: A Reaction Map (PDF) Let’s map out all of the reactions we’ve learned in this section on aromatic rings
Read moreHow To Determine Hybridization: A Shortcut
A Shortcut For Determining The Hybridization Of An Atom In A Molecule Here’s a shortcut for how to determine the hybridization of an atom in
Read moreProtecting Groups for Amines – Carbamates
Protecting Groups For Amines Amine protecting groups are essential for the synthesis of peptides. Carbamates are useful protecting groups for amines. They can be installed and
Read moreIsoelectric Points of Amino Acids (and How To Calculate Them)
Isoelectric Points Of Amino Acids (And How To Calculate Them) The isoelectric point of an amino acid is the pH at which it bears no
Read moreIntroduction To Aromaticity
What Is “Aromaticity”, Anyway? In this post we introduce “aromaticity”, a term for describing a collection of three [Note 1] main properties that distinguish benzene
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