The Ruff Degradation and Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis
Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis and the Ruff Degradation The Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis is a method for extending a carbohydrate chain by a single carbon. The Ruff Degradation is
Read moreOrbital Hybridization And Bond Strengths
How Orbital Hybridization Affects Bond Strengths Understanding the concept of hybrid orbitals (see previous post) lets you make accurate predictions about trends in bond strengths.
Read moreSynthesis (7): Reaction Map of Benzene and Related Aromatic Compounds
Reactions of Benzene and Aromatic Compounds: A Reaction Map (PDF) Let’s map out all of the reactions we’ve learned in this section on aromatic rings
Read moreProtecting Groups for Amines: Carbamates
Protecting Groups For Amines Amine protecting groups are essential for the synthesis of peptides. Carbamates are useful protecting groups for amines. They can be installed and
Read moreIsoelectric Points of Amino Acids (and How To Calculate Them)
Isoelectric Points Of Amino Acids (And How To Calculate Them) The isoelectric point of an amino acid is the pH at which it bears no
Read moreIntroduction To Aromaticity
What Is “Aromaticity”, Anyway? In this post we introduce “aromaticity”, a term for describing a collection of three [Note 1] main properties that distinguish benzene
Read moreStereochemistry of the Diels-Alder Reaction
Stereochemistry of the Diels-Alder Reaction The Diels-Alder reaction always has the same pattern of bonds that form and break. Three pi bonds are broken, and
Read moreRules For Aromaticity
Rules For Aromaticity: The 4 Key Factors In the last post we introduced the concept of aromaticity, a property of some unusually stable organic molecules such
Read moreHuckels Rule: What Does 4n+2 Mean?
Hückel’s Rule: What Does 4n+2 Mean? “4n+2 is not a formula that you apply to see if your molecule is aromatic. It is a formula
Read moreThe Strecker Synthesis of Amino Acids
The Strecker Amino Acid Synthesis The Strecker synthesis is a two-step procedure for the synthesis of amino acids. It begins with the addition of cyanide
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